The National Heritage Fellowship was created to publicly ______ exceptional folk and traditional artists in the United States. In 1991, the fellowship was given to the blues guitarist and singer Riley B.B. King to celebrate his lifetime contributions to the arts.

The following text is adapted from Kenneth Grahame's 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows. The Mole is dazed after briefly meeting a stranger while traveling with a friend.
[The] Mole stood still a moment, held in thought. As one wakened suddenly from a beautiful dream, who struggles to recall it, and can recapture nothing but a dim sense of the beauty of it, the beauty! Till that, too, fades away in its turn.

Few religious buildings can be said to ______ the astonishing size of Al-Fattah Al-Aleem Mosque in Egypt, which, with the capacity to accommodate approximately 17,000 people at once, is one of the largest mosques in the world.

British painter Peter Edwards is known for his portraits of notable figures in different fields, from writer Maud Sulter to mathematician Christopher Zeeman. Widespread admiration of these works has helped Edwards gain substantial ______ as an artist.

The Volga River delta system is located in Russia, where the river drains into the Caspian Sea, and is shaped by ______ factors: for example, the geography of the coastline influences sedimentary deposition, which over time alters coastal geography.

In the late 1800s, Spanish-language newspapers flourished in cities across Texas. San Antonio alone produced eleven newspapers in Spanish between 1890 and 1900. But El Paso surpassed all other cities in the state. This city produced twenty-two newspapers in Spanish during that period. El Paso is located on the border with Mexico and has always had a large population of Spanish speakers. Thus, it is unsurprising that this city became such a rich site for Spanish-language journalism.

In Ojibwe, an Indigenous language from the Great Lakes region of what are now the United States and Canada, wása means "far," whereas wa-wása means "far apart." This phenomenon, in which an element of a root word is repeated, sometimes with modification,within another word that is related to the root word, is called reduplication. In this case, the element “wá” in wása gets repeated in wa-wása. There are many examples of this type of reduplication in Ojibwe.

In a study by Mika R. Moran, Daniel A. Rodriguez, and colleagues, residents of Mexico city, Mexico, and Panama City, Panama, were surveyed about parks in their cities. Of the 562 respondents from Mexico City, 77.6% indicated that they use the city's parks, and of the 318 respondents from Panama city, 53.5% indicated using city parks. Given that the percentage of Mexico City respondents who reported living within a 10-minute walk of a park was much lower than that reported by Panama City respondents, greater proximity alone can't explain the difference in park use.

The following text is from Guy de Maupassant's 1884 short story “A Recollecton," from the collection Guy de Maupassant Short Stories (translated by Albert M.C. McMaster et al. in 1903). The narrator is on a walk in the countryside outside of Paris, France.
I walked slowly beneath the young leaves, drinking in the air, fragrant with the odor of young buds and sap. I sauntered along, forgetful of musty papers, of the offices, of my chief, my colleagues, my documents, and thinking of the good things that were sure to come to me, of all the veiled unknown contained in the future. A thousand recollections of childhood came over me, awakened by these country odors, and I walked along, permeated with the fragrant, living enchantment, the emotional enchantment of the woods warmed by the sun of June.

Paris has high pedestrian traffic, but simply replicating a feature of Paris associated with walkability—e.g., its high number of car-free areas—may be insufficient to induce increased walking in other cites. As urbanist Mariela Alfonzo argues, our understanding of individuals’ decision-making about whether to walk is insufficiently robust: some studies emphasize the role of climate conditions, others the role of population density, and so on, but walking decisions are made in complex contexts in which multiple conditions and needs inform individuals’ choices.

In terms of total area, the Choctaw Nation is one of the largest tribal nations in the United States. It covers 10,864 square miles in what is now southeastern Oldahoma. In comparison, the total area of the Jicarilla Apache Nation in New Mexico is only ______

"Lines Written in Early Spring" is a 1798 poem by William Wordsworth. In the poem, the speaker describes having contradictory feelings while experiencing the sights and sounds of a spring day:

The Apollo program missions were spaceflights to the moon led by the United States during the 1960s and 1970s during which astronauts collected some samples of the moon's surface. More recently, China launched the Chang'e 5 mission, which returned additional lunar surface samples. Researchers have analyzed and dated each of the samples, concluding that the lunar samples collected during the Chang'e 5 mission are significant because ______

Biologist Rosanna Alegado believes that we might learn how multicellular organisms developed from single-celled ones if we understand why the single-celled organism Salpingoeca rosetta, the oldest living relative of animals, sometimes forms colonies of cells. Alegado and colleagues reviewed data from many studies of how S.rosetta responds when exposed to another type of single-celled organism, bacteria, including Tristan Barbeyron's work with Zobellia galactonovorans bacteria and Yoshihide Matsuo's work with Zobellia uliginosa bacteria. Alegado and colleagues concluded that both Z. galactonovorans and Z. uliginosa might have played a role in the development of multicellular organisms.

The Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) examines trends in aging among 120,000 people in Europe unfolding over many years. As is true of most longitudinal studies, this need for years of data collection results in high costs. By contrast, a relatively straightforward marketing study, such as one that is merely trying to identify the average amount customers spend per transaction at an online retailer, may not need a large budget because ______

Oyster mushrooms typically get their nutrients from the damp logs on which they grow, but the fungi are also carnivorous, with the ability to kill and consume microscopic worms known as nematodes. As researcher Yen-Ping Hsueh has shown, the mushrooms release a toxin that is deadly to nematodes that ______ in contact with it.

Cut, bent, and welded from discarded metal materials, the sculptures of London-based Nigerian artist Sokari Douglas Camp are meant to challenge viewers to consider their own relationships to material ______ her thought-provoking works in the 1999 exhibition Sokari Douglas Camp at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African Art in Washington, D.C. were no different.

The liquid compounds hexadecane (C16H34) and tetrachloromethane (CCl) have molar masses of 226.41 and 153.80______ mass helps convert between the mass of the reactants and the mass of the product.

Scholars Tammy Kernodle and Stephanie Shonekan have lent their expertise on Black history and music to an important new project: the Timeline of African American Music, a digital ______ through a rich combination of text, images, and music clips, traces the development of specific musical genres (such as jazz and bebop).

In Los Angeles County, California, bicycle paths such as the Arroyo Seco bicycle path-which is 2.27 miles long have become an increasingly popular means of travel. Moreover, lawyer and cycling ______ has identified several features of the Los Angeles landscape, like its temperate climate and mostly flat roads, that make the city naturally bike-friendly.

Ecologists like Michelle Evans-White use trophic pyramids to illustrate the food chain within a given ecosystem. At a typical pyramid's base are primary producers, like algae, followed by herbivores at the second trophic level, then omnivores and carnivores at the third. ______ at the fourth, highest trophic level are apex predators, like sharks, that feed on the animals below.

In a 2022 analysis of 200 terms, researchers found a broad pattern of valence-dependent mutation which negative adjectives saw a faster rate of cognate replacement—the rate at which a word will be replaced over time with a non-cognate form—than other words. ______ the adjective “illegal” would be expected to mutate faster than the noun “crisis.”

In the early 1970s, Albert Popa took up graffiti art, spraying his work onto what was at the time an unconventional surface: concrete. ______ Albert's son David has chosen an unusual canvas for his new art project, Fractured. In this remarkable work, the artist draws charcoal faces onto fragmented ice floes in Finland, creating the visual effect of a face slowly fracturing.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• In 1965, Yale University historians claimed that a world map called the Vinland Map was drawn in the fifteenth century.
• Since that time, the map's age has been the subject of debate.
• In 2021, researchers conducted a study to analyze the elemental composition of the map's ink.
• Their analysis revealed that the ink contains a titanium compound not used in inks until the 1920s.
• The researchers concluded that the map was drawn in the twentieth century.

• Sister cities are pairs of cites that form social or legal partnerships to promote each other' cultures.
• Previously known as “town twinning," the concept of sister cities evolved in Europe after World War II as a way to repair bonds between cities.
• Many cities in New York State maintain such partnerships with cities around the world.
• Hudson, New York, and Pallisa, Uganda, became sister cities in 2006.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the flowing notes:

• The Galiuro Mountains are a mountain range located in the southwestern United States.
• The range is one of the dozens of “sky islands” in the southwestern US and northwestern Mexico.
• A sky island is an isolated mountain range whose environment differs drastically from that of the surrounding lowlands.
• The US Forest Service (USFS) said, “The mountains are 'islands' surrounded by deserts that are 'seas'.”
• The USFS said, “Each sky Island is a unique ecosystem.”

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• The International Center for the Arts of the Americas (ICAA) is directed by Mari Carmen Ramirez.
• Ramírez oversaw an initiative to create an online archive of historical documents related to the history of Latin American and Latino visual art.
• The ICAA digitized over 10,000 documents, including the writings of Latin American and Latino artists and critics.
• The creation of the archive didn't require historical documents to be removed from their countries of origin.
• Scholars now have more access to these documents.

The organizers specifically indicated that the conference was intended to focus on children's literature, so despite the education specialist's ______ her expertise on the subject in general, she found that she could speak authoritatively about the works of illustrator Michele Wood, particularly I See the Rhythm, which she had used effectively in classroom instruction for many years.

In 1891, design artist William Morris cofounded the Kelmscott Press, which printed editions of books using preindustrial methods. Historians argue that Morris's repudiation of industrialization is ______ the Kelmscott editions' use of handmade materials and intricate ornamentation reminiscent of medieval manuscripts: these meticulously handcrafted elements exemplify the artistry involved.

It is tempting to treat the clustering of car manufacturing firms in Detroit, Michigan, as representative of industrial agglomeration generally, but Guilia Faggio et al. caution against ______ this one example: the existence of labor pools, a dominant driver of collocation in this industry, was largely absent from the vegetable oil manufacturing industry.

A number of recording artists ______ distinctions between Indigenous music and other musical styles. For example, the Haudenosaunee group the Halluci Nation incorporated powwow music into electronic dance music on its album One More Saturday Night, and Swinomish/Iñupiaq musician Black Belt Eagle Scout combined powwow-style melodies with rock on her album At the Party with My Brown Friends.

Mary V. Price and colleagues showed that high moonlight intensity inhibits the activity of the white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula), a result explicable in terms of benefits and costs: greater lunar intensity may not enable the woodrats to increase foraging success enough to offset the higher chance of detection by predatory bobcats or coyotes. Most other nocturnal mammals respond to lunar intensity variations similarly to white-throated woodrats, but southern pygmy mice (Baiomys musculus) display no such pattern, as their heavy use of grass cover results in a different balance of reward and risk.

Text 1
In 2012 Jeonju, South Korea, was named a city of Gastronomy by UNESCO in recognition of the city's unique food culture. The honor is well known among both residents of the city and tourists who visit. Simply by selecting Jeonju, UNESCO has helped bring awareness to local recipes, cooking practices, and chefs and has provided a significant boost to the city's tourism industry
Text 2
Many people in Jeonju's restaurant industry hoped that food tourism would increase after the city was chosen as a City of Gastronomy in 2012. However, as researcher Eerang Park and colleagues argue, cities must still create effective marketing strategies to benefit fully from being named a City of Gastronomy. Without the intentional effort that was made to promote the city's food scene, many current and potential visitors to Jeonju would not even be aware that it's home to uniquely delicious food.

Like all species of baleen whales, the sei whale feeds on tiny creatures known as krill by filtering water through bristle like keratin structures called baleen plates. In this way, baleen whales can eat up to 30 percent of their total mass per day. And while no one would call the sei whale small—it can have a mass as high as 25,000 kg—it is one of the smaller baleen whales and is much smaller than the northern right whale, which can weigh a whopping 80,000 kg and consume as much as 24,000 kg of krill per day.

A number of artists associated with hyperpop, a movement in electronic music that emerged in the 2010s, aggressively manipulate their recorded voice. The singer Dorian Electra, for example, shifts the pitch of their vocals to be much deeper than that of Electra's natural range. And even the hyperpop artists who don't rely on pitch-shifting, such as Kim Petras, often distort their vocals using digital tools. By persistently modifying the voice, hyperpop invites the listener to reflect on the extent to which digital technology mediates the human experience today.

A student is writing an essay about four pyramids for a history class and wants to note how long ago each pyramid was built and how tall each pyramid is. Consulting the table, the student finds that the Nohoch Mul Pyramid was built 1,100 to 1,500 years ago and is ______

Stephen Machodo and colleagues found that tilling—the practice of turning soil with hoes, plows, or other machines before planting crops—was associated with an increased yield of spring barley. But some studies of other crops have found the opposite effect, raising the question of whether the increase in yield found by Machodo and colleagues is specific to their study crop. However, this doesn't seem to be the case: ______

The phrase usa-don bilak is a future-oriented expression used by members of the Yupno, an Indigenous group in Papua New Guinea, that translates to "next year." Rafael Nunez and colleagues recorded Yupno speakers explaining several of these temporal-related words and phrases and coded each speaker's manual gestures. Previous research has found evidence of Spanish speakers referring to the front/ back axis to describe events in time, and many researchers believe that this tendency to make temporal distinctions along imagined linear axes is universal. However, Nunez and colleagues claim that this tendency is not in fact ubiquitous.

Many studies have found a positive association between levels of dissolved organic carbon and mercury in bodies of fresh water in North America. But Enelton Fagnani, José Roberto Guimara, and Pedro Sergio Fadini did not find this correlation in a study conducted in Brazil, leading some scientists to hypothesize that the association is particular to North America. However, several other studies conducted outside North America, such as one by Rasmus Sorensen and colleagues in Sweden, showed similar results to the North American studies, while few have produced results similar to those of Fagnani, Guimara, and Fadini's study, suggesting that______

Some ethicists hold that the moral goodness of an individual's actions depends solely on whether the actions themselves are good, irrespective of the context in which they are carried out. Philosopher L Sebastian Purcell has shown that surviving works of Aztec (Nahua) philosophy express a very different view. Purcell reveals that these works posit an ethical system in which an individual's actions are judged in light of how well they accord with the individual's role in society and how well they contribute to the community. To the extent that these works are representative of Aztec thought, Purcell's analysis suggests that______

The Austronesian language family includes Balinese, Bikol, and some 1,200 other languages throughout the Pacific, making it one of the largest language families in the world and of keen interest to ______ of UC Santa Cruz.

The writer Sonia Sanchez, along with others such as Quincy Troupe and Jay Wright, ______ commonly associated with the Black Arts movement, a loose-knit group of writers and artists active in the 1960s and the 1970s who were interested in exploring the Black American experience through their work.

The khar, which is written as a circular hieroglyph with horizontal lines running across it, and the heseb, which is written as a hieroglyph that looks like an x, were ancient Egyptian units of ______ to record volume ind area, respectively, the khar and heseb have since fallen out of use.

Proto Omotic-a protolanguage, or ancestral language of a family of descendant (daughter) languages--is said to be the common ancestor of all Ta-Ne-Omotic languages. This designation is ______ Proto Omotic is only postulated, its characteristics being inferred from the linguistic properties of its nineteen daughters.

A species of Byropsis algae produces toxins to avoid being eaten by predators. However, in some cases, the toxins the organism uses to protect itself from predation actually ______its attractiveness to predators. The Hawaiian sea slug, for example, not only tolerates Byropsis toxins but actually uses them for protection in the same way the algae does.

Though he's performed on many respected albums, including Low Blow by Victor Bailey, drummer Dennis Chambers may be best known for his time as house drummer for the hip hop label Sugar Hill Records. He did not play drums on the label's classic song “Rapper's______ he joined the label after the song’s release.

With many elements, like lutetium, scientists were able to isolate a relatively pure sample of the substance shortly after discovering its existence but this wasn't the case with all elements. ______ the isolation process took years. The element magnesium, for instance, was discovered in 1755 but not isolated until 1808.

In hindsight, given the ideas about the natural world circulating among British scientists in the 1800s, the theory of natural selection was an obvious next step. It may not have been a coincidence, ______ that Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace arrived at the concept independently. Indeed, contrary to the popular myth of the lone genius, theirs is not the first paradigm- shifting theory to have emerged from multiple scholars working in parallel.

Several international organizations monitor the position of space debris larger than 10 centimeters across to ensure safe space travel. ______ those efforts are not sufficient, as there are about twenty times as many smaller objects that are moving at speeds fast enough to damage even a heavily protected spacecraft.

• Ynés Mexía a was a Mexican American botanist.
• Between 1917 and 1938, she collected over 150,000 botanical samples throughout the Americas.
• She collected a sample of Baccharis dentata in Minas Gerais, Brazil, on September 18,1930.
• She collected a sample of Senecio chapalensis in Jalisco, Mexico, on January 17,1927.
• These specimens are members of the Asteraceae family.
• They can now be viewed online at the C. V. Starr Virtual Herbarium.

• Impact craters occur when a large object collides with Earth at high speeds.
• Examples of such objects include comets and meteorites.
• Kelly West is an impact crater in Australia.
• Researchers have determined that it was formed more than 550 million years ago.
• The crater has a diameter of approximately10 km.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• Elizabeth Catlett's sculpture Recognition (1970) shows two African American figures with rounded, indistinct features.
• The figures reach out to each other in a pose that symbolizes a close, supportive relationship. Her sculpture Students Aspire (1978) shows two African American figures with sharply defined features.
• The figures hold an equal sign above their heads with one hand and embrace each other with the other hand.
• This pose symbolizes their support for each other in the pursuit of equality.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• Atitalaquía is a municipality in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico.
• Municipalities are governmental regions responsible for providing many public services to their residents.
• One service they provide is water treatment.
• Atitalaquía's population was 31,525 in 2020.
• Hidalgo is divided into 84 municipalities.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a ten- point scale that orders minerals by hardness based on their ability to scratch other minerals.
• Minerals with larger numbers are harder than minerals with smaller numbers and can leave visible scratches on them.
• Minerals with smaller numbers are softer than minerals with larger numbers and cannot leave visible scratches on them.
• The mineral gypsum has a Mohs scale number of 2.
• The mineral fluorite has a Mohs scale number of 4.
• The mineral topaz has a Mohs scale number of 8.